2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake

he 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on December 26, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.[3][4] The resulting tsunami is given various names, including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Asian Tsunami, Indonesian Tsunami, Boxing Day Tsunami, and, simply, The Tsunami.

The earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing nearly 230,000 people in fourteen countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 15 meters (50 feet) high[5]. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest hit, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.

With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the second largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 cm (0.4 inches) and triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska.

The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response. In all, the worldwide community donated more than $7 billion (2004 U.S. dollars) in humanitarian aid.

he earthquake was initially reported as moment magnitude 9.0. In February 2005 scientists revised the estimate of the magnitude to 9.3.[8] Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has so far not changed its estimate of 9.1. The most recent studies in 2006 have obtained a magnitude of Mw 9.1 to 9.3. Dr. Hiroo Kanamori of the California Institute of Technology believes that Mw = 9.2 is a good representative value for the size of this great earthquake.

The hypocentre of the main earthquake was approximately 160 km (100 mi), in the Indian Ocean just north of Simeulue island, off the western coast of northern Sumatra, at a depth of 30 km (19 mi) below mean sea level (initially reported as 10 km). The northern section of the Sunda megathrust, which had been assumed dormant, ruptured; the rupture having a length of 1600 km. The size of the rupture caused plate shifting of up to 20 m, causing the earthquake (followed by the tsunami) to be felt simultaneously as far away as Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore and the Maldives. Splay faults or secondary "pop up faults" caused long narrow parts of the sea floor to pop up in seconds elevating the height and increased the speed of waves to cause the complete destruction of the nearby Indonesian town of Lhoknga.

Indonesia lies between the Pacific Ring of Fire along the north-eastern islands adjacent to and including New Guinea and the Alpide belt along the south and west from Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores, and Timor.

Great earthquakes such as the Sumatra-Andaman event, which are invariably associated with megathrust events in subduction zones, have seismic moments that can account for a significant fraction of the global earthquake moment across century-scale time periods. The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake was the largest earthquake since 1964, and the second largest since the Kamchatka earthquake of October 16, 1737

Of all the seismic moment released by earthquakes in the 100 years from 1906 through 2005, roughly one-eighth was due to the Sumatra-Andaman event. This quake, together with the Good Friday Earthquake (Alaska, 1964) and the Great Chilean Earthquake (1960), account for almost half of the total moment. The much smaller but still catastrophic 1906 San Francisco earthquake is included in the diagram at right for perspective. Mw denotes the magnitude of an earthquake on the moment magnitude scale.

Since 1900 the only earthquakes recorded with a greater magnitude were the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (magnitude 9.5) and the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake in Prince William Sound (9.2). The only other recorded earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater was off Kamchatka, Russia, on November 4, 1952 (magnitude 9.0).[13] Each of these megathrust earthquakes also spawned tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean, but the death toll from these was significantly lower. The worst of these caused only a few thousand deaths, primarily because of the lower population density along the coasts near affected areas and the much greater distances to more populated coasts.

Other very large megathrust earthquakes occurred in 1868 (Peru, Nazca Plate and South American Plate); 1827 (Colombia, Nazca Plate and South American Plate); 1812 (Venezuela, Caribbean Plate and South American Plate) and 1700 (Cascadia Earthquake, western U.S. and Canada, Juan de Fuca Plate and North American Plate). These are all believed to have been of greater than magnitude 9, but no accurate measurements were available at the time.

Second From Disaster

Seconds from Disaster is an American documentary television series that aired from July 6, 2004 to March 7, 2007 on the National Geographic Channel. The program investigates historically relevant man-made and natural disasters. Each episode aims to explain a single incident[1] by analyzing the causes and circumstances that ultimately affected the disaster.

The series uses re-enactments, interviews, testimonies, and CGI to analyze the sequence of events second-by-second for the audience.

Seconds from Disaster was broadcast on the National Geographic Channel and consists of 45 episodes over 3 seasons. Following its conclusion, the series was promptly replaced with the provisionally titled series Critical Situation.

Seconds from Disaster is characterised by an emphasis on chronological sequencing (in accordance with the show's name), the usage of CGI technology and its blueprint-like CGI format. The show has little or no dialogue for the actors in the re-enactment, almost entirely dominated by the narrator.

Each episode begins with a chronological re-enactment of the disaster, which is always cut into several scenes displaying critical moments in the unfolding of the disaster with a clock appearing at the beginning of each scene. After the sequence of events, the show "winds back" the scenes to analyse the causes and events leading up to it. The series uses blueprint-formatted CGI in every episode to reveal the anatomy of the disaster and the structures involved but in episodes 7–19 in season 3, the blue formatting of the CGI is not used on the background and is replaced with a white background. The CGI is emphasized heavily throughout each episode, such as at the beginning, where the narrator often says "Advanced computer simulation will take us where no camera can go: into the heart of the disaster zone", and before the analysis of the disaster, where he says "cutting-edge simulation will reveal just what happened in those seconds from disaster".

The show concludes with the original disaster scenes being "rewound" and played again; the clock is replaced by a countdown timer and the conclusions reached from the analysis being put together with the sequence. Most often, the show finishes with a short moment of sentimentality (where those involved often speak of their emotions on the disaster) followed by the technological advances made to prevent similar disasters from happening again.

Jadwal Piala Dunia 2010

PUTARAN PERTAMA

Jumat, 11 Juni
Grup A
Johannesburg:
Afrika Selatan vs Meksiko, (14.00 GMT)

Cape Town:
Uruguay vs Perancis (18.30 GMT)

Sabtu, 12 Juni
Grup B
Port Elizabeth:
Korea Selatan vs Yunani (11.30 GMT)

Johannesburg:
Argentina vs Nigeria (14.00 GMT)

Grup C
Rustenburg:
Inggris vs Amerika Serikat (18.30 GMT)

Minggu, 13 Juni
Grup C
Polokwane:
Aljazair vs Slovenia (11.30 GMT)

Pretoria:
Serbia vs Ghana (14.00 GMT)

Grup D
Durban:
Jerman vs Australia (18.30 GMT)

Senin, 14 Juni
Grup E
Johannesburg:
Belanda vs Denmark (11.30 GMT)

Bloemfontein:
Jepang vs Kamerun (14.00 GMT)

Grup F
Cape Town:
Italia vs Paraguay (18.30 GMT)
Selasa, 15 Jun
Grup F
Rustenburg:
Selandia Baru vs Slovakia (11.30 GMT)

Grup G
Elizabeth:
Pantai Gading vs Portugal (14.00 GMT)

Johannesburg:
Brasil vs Korea Utara (18.30 GMT)

Rabu, 16 Juni
Grup A
Pretoria:
Afrika Selatan vs Uruguay (18.30 GMT)

Grup H
Nelspruit:
Honduras vs Cile (11.30 GMT)

Durban:
Spanyol vs Swiss (14.00 GMT)

Kamis, 17 Juni
Grup B
Johannesburg:
Argentina vs Korea Selatan (11.30 GMT)

Bloemfontein:
Nigeria vs Yunani (14.00 GMT)

Grup A
Polokwane:
Meksiko vs Perancis (18.30 GMT)

Jumat, 18 Juni
Grup C
Johannesburg:
Amerika Serikat vs Slovenia (14.00 GMT)

Cape Town:
Inggris vs Aljazair (18.30 GMT)

Grup D
Port Elizabeth:
Jerman vs Serbia (11.30 GMT)

Sabtu, 19 Juni
Grup E
Durban:
Belanda vs Jepang (11.30 GMT)

Rustenburg:
Australia vs Ghana (14.00 GMT)

Pretoria:
Denmark vs Kamerun (18.30 GMT)

Minggu, 30 Juni
Grup F
Bloemfontein:
Paraguay vs Slovakia (11.30 GMT)

Nelspruit:
Italia vs Selandia Baru (14.00 GMT)

Grup G
Johannesburg:
Brasil vs Pantai Gading (18.30 GMT)

Senin, 21 Juni
Grup G
Cape Town:
Korea Utara vs Portugal, (11.30 GMT)

Grup H
Port Elizabeth:
Swiss vs Cile (14.00 GMT)

Johannesburg: Spanyol vs Honduras (18.30 GMT)

Selasa, 22 Juni
Grup A
Rustenburg:
Meksiko vs Uruguay (14.00 GMT)

Bloemfontein:
Perancis vs Afrika Selatan (14.00 GMT)

Grup B
Durban:
Nigeria vs Korea Selatan (18.30 GMT)

Polokwane:
Yunani vs Argentina (18.30 GMT)

Rabu, 23 Juni
Grup C
Port Elizabeth:
Slovenia vs Inggris (14.00 GMT)

Pretoria:
Amerika Seriikat vs Aljazair (14.00 GMT)

Grup D
Johannesburg:
Ghana vs Jerman (18.30 GMT)

Nelspruit:
Australia vs Serbia (18.30 GMT)

Kamis, 24 Juni
Grup E
Rustenburg:
Denmark vs Jepang (18.30 GMT)

Cape Town:
Kamerun vs Belanda (18.30 GMT)

Grup F
Johannesburg:
Slovakia vs Italia (14.00 GMT)

Polokwane:
Paraguay vs Selandia Baru (14.00 GMT)

Jumat, 25 Juni
Grup G
Durban:
Portugal vs Brasil (14.00 GMT)

Nelspruit:
Korea Utara vs Pantai Gading (14.00 GMT)

Grup H
Pretoria:
Cile vs Spanyol (18.30 GMT)

Bloemfontein:
Swiss vs Honduras (18.30 GMT)
--------------------

PUTARAN KEDUA

PARTAI 49

Sabtu, 26 Juni
Port Elizabeth:
Pemenang Grup A vs Runner-up Grup B (14.00 GMT)

PARTAI 50

Rustenburg:
Pemenang Grup C vs Runner-up Grup D (18.30 GMT)


Minggu, 27 Juni

PARTAI 51

Bloemfontein:
Pemenang Grup D vs Runner-up Grup C (14.00 GMT)

PARTAI 52

Johannesburg:
Pemenang Grup B vs Runner-up Grup A (18.30 GMT)

Senin, 28 Juni

PARTAI 53

Durban:
Pemenang Grup E vs Runner-up Grup F (14.00 GMT)

PARTAI 54

Johannesburg:
Pemenang Grup G vs Runner-up Grup H (18.30 GMT)

Selasa, 29 Juni

PARTAI 55

Pretoria:
Pemenang Grup F vs Runner-up Grup E (14.00 GMT)

PARTAI 56

Cape Town:
Pemenang Grup H vs Runner-up Grup G (18.30 GMT)

-----------------------------


PEREMPAT FINAL

Jumat, 2 Juli

PARTAI 57

Port Elizabeth:
Pemenang Partai 53 vs Pemenang Partai 54 (14.00 GMT)

PARTAI 58

Johannesburg:
Pemenang Partai 49 vs Pemenang Partai 50 (18.30 GMT)

Sabtu, 3 Juli

PARTAI 59

Cape Town:
Pemenang Partai 52 vs Pemenang Partai 51 (14.00 GMT)

PARTAI 60

Johannesburg:
Pemenang Partai 55 vs Pemenang Partai 56 (18.30 GMT)

-----------------------

SEMIFINAL

Selasa, 6 Juli

Cape Town:
Pemenang Partai 58 vs Pemenang Partai 57 (18.30 GMT)

Rabu, 7 Juli

Durban:
Pemenang Partai 59 vs Pemenang Partai 60 (18.30 GMT)

-----------———


PEREBUTAN TEMPAT KE-3

Sabtu, 10 Juli

Port Elizabeth:
Tim Kalah di semifinal diadu (18.30 GMT)

-----------------

FINAL

Minggu, 11 Juli

Johannesburg:
Pemenang Semifinal Diadu (18.30 GMT)

CATATAN: Perbedaan waktu GMT dengan Waktu Indonesia Bagian Barat (WIB) adalah 7 jam.



Wahhh pengen nonton nih, dulu pas nonton terakhir waktu gempa jogja.

2012

2012 ill be a leap year starting on a Sunday. In the Gregorian calendar, it will be the 2012th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 12th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 3rd of the 2010s decade.

It has been designated Alan Turing Year, commemorating the mathematician, computer pioneer, and code-breaker on the centennial of Turing's birth.

There are a variety of popular beliefs about the year 2012. These beliefs range from the spiritually transformative to the apocalyptic, and center upon various interpretations of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar. Contemporary scientists have disputed the apocalyptic versions

Predicted and scheduled events
January

* January 13–22 – The first Winter Youth Olympics will be held in Innsbruck, Austria.
* January 31 – 433 Eros, the second-largest Near Earth Object on record (size 13×13×33 km) will pass Earth at 0.1790 astronomical units (26,778,019 km; 16,639,090 mi). NASA studied Eros with the NEAR Shoemaker probe launched on February 17, 1996.

February

* February 6 – Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II marking the 60th anniversary of her accession to the Thrones of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia & New Zealand (as well as the 60th anniversary of her becoming Head of the Commonwealth).

April

* April 1 - The 1940 United States Census will be available for public viewing.
* April 17 – The United States will cede wartime control of the military of the Republic of Korea after 50 years and dissolve the Combined Forces Command. Two distinct military commands (South Korea and the United States) will operate in Korea during wartime, rather than one unified command under the Combined Forces Command.[citation needed]

May

* 12 May – 12 August – The 2012 World Expo is to be held in Yeosu, South Korea.
* May 20 - Annular solar eclipse. Path of annularity runs through the Pacific Ocean from northern China to California.

June

* June 6 – The second and last solar transit of Venus of the century. The next pair is predicted to occur in 2117 and 2125.
* June 18 – June 23 – Turing Centenary Conference at the University of Cambridge, in honor of the mathematician, computer scientist, and cryptographer Alan Turing, the last day of the conference being the hundredth anniversary of his birth.


July

* July 18–21 – The 2012 World Rowing Championships will be held at Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
* July 27 – Opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics begins in London at 19:30 UTC, 20:30 BST.

August

* August 12 – Closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
* August 29 – Opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Paralympics begins in London.


September

* September 9 – Closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.

November

* November 13 - Total solar eclipse (visible in northern Australia and the South Pacific).

December

* December 21 – 11:12 UTC. Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, Summer Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere.
* December 21 – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, notably used by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization among others, completes a "great cycle" of thirteen b'ak'tuns (periods of 144,000 days each) since the mythical creation date of the calendar's current era.
* December 31 – The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ends.

Unknown dates

* China will launch the Kuafu spacecraft.
* Pleiades, a proposed super computer built by Intel and SGI for NASA's Ames Research Center, will be completed, reaching a peak performance of 10 Petaflops (10 quadrillion floating point operations per second).
* Sequoia, a proposed super computer built by IBM for the National Nuclear Security Administration will be completed, reaching a peak performance of 20 Petaflops.
* On the sun, the solar maximum of Solar Cycle 24 in the 11-year sunspot cycle is forecast to occur. Solar Cycle 24 is regarded to have commenced January 2008, and on average will reach its peak of maximal sunspot activity around 2012. The period between successive solar maxima averages 11 years (the Schwabe cycle), and the previous solar maximum of Solar Cycle 23 occurred in 2000–2002. During the solar maximum the sun's magnetic poles will reverse

Badai Matahari Penah Terjadi Pada 1 September Tahun 1859

Pada pagi hari,tepatnya 1 September 1859, salah seorang astronom terkenal di Inggris Richard Carrington tengah mengamati matahari. Dengan menggunakan alat filter, dia mempelajari permukaan matahari melalui teleskopnya. Namun, dia begitu terperanjat saat mengetahui ada kilatan cahaya terang keluar dari permukaan matahari. Tanpa diketahuinya, pada hari itu telah terjadi badai matahari yang diprediksikan dunia akan terulang kembali pada 1 September 2012.


Melansir pemberitaan Daily Mail, Selasa (21/4) dikisahkan Carrington mencatat titik cahaya terang yang merupakan awan plasma menuju ke bumi. Sekitar 48 jam kemudian dampaknya mulai terasa luar biasa. Miliaran aurora menyinari langit malam di bumi. Cahayanya sungguh kuat sehingga membuat kita mampu membaca di tengah malam.


Sementara itu, di California, sekelompok pekerja tambang emas bangun lebih awal dari biasanya akibat cahaya terang yang mereka sangka sudah pagi hari. Padahal jam di saat itu menunjukkan pukul 2 dini hari. Sejumlah operator telegraf menerima kejutan listrik tak beraturan akibat arus listrik matahari menghantam jaringan telekomunikasi. Saat itu dunia seakan-akan bermandikan listrik.


Menurut laporan "New Scientist", badai matahari atau solar storm adalah siklus kegiatan peledakan dahsyat dari masa puncak kegiatan bintik matahari (sunspot), biasanya setiap 11 tahun akan memasuki periode aktivitas badai matahari.


Ilmuwan Amerika baru-baru ini memperingatkan bahwa pada tahun 2012 bumi akan mengalami badai matahari dahsyat (Solar Blast), daya rusaknya akan jauh lebih besar dari badai angin "Katrina", dan hampir semua manusia di bumi tidak akan dapat melepaskan diri dari dampak bencananya.


Daniel Becker dari University of Colorado seorang ahli cuaca angkasa menjelaskan, "Sekarang ini kita semakin dekat dengan kemungkinan bencana ini. Jika manusia tidak dapat mempersiapkan diri dengan matang terhadap bencana badai matahari yang akan menimpa ini. Badai matahari ini mungkin akan memutuskan pasokan listrik umat manusia, sinyal ponsel, bahkan termasuk sistem pasokan air."